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PILE FOUNDATION | TYPE OF PILES | TEST METHODS AND SITE EXECUTION |

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Types of Pile Foundation

  • A pile foundation is a series of columns constructed into the ground to transfer loads to a lower level of subsoil.
  • Piles are long cylinders made of a strong material, such as concrete or steel.
  • Piles are pushed into the ground to act as a steady support for structures built on top of them

Bored Pile –Conventional Tripod Rig

  • Boring by DMC Method.
  • Boring by Bailor, Chisel method.
  • Diameter possible 400 –1500mm.
  • Pile can be chiselledinto soft rock& Hard rock.
  • Lowering the reinforcement& concreting done by the rig.
  • Best method for quality.
  • Time consuming.

Bored Pile – Tractor Mounted Hydraulic Rig

  • Boring cannot be done in Soft rock & Hard rock.
  • Diameter possible is from 150mm –1000mm.
  • Cannot do reinforcement lowering & Concreting, Crane required for same.

Bored Pile –Hydraulic Rotary Rig

  • Boring done by Auger drilling method – Soil Auger & Rock Auger.
  • Diameter possible 500mm -2500mm.
  • Boring can be done in soft & HardRock.
  • Boring will be faster.
  • Reinforcement & Concreting canbe done with this rig.

Driven Pile –Conventional A -Frame Rig

  • Piling is done by driving full casing with a pile shoe at the bottom.
  • Diameter possible 300mm – 600mm.
  • Pile can be done upto hard strata only.
  • Progress will be faster.

Driven pile –Pneumatic Hydraulic Driven Rig

  • Piling is done by driving full casing with a pile shoe at the bottom.
  • Diameter possible 300mm – 600mm.
  • Pile can be done upto hard strata only.
  • Progress will be faster than A Frame.

Compaction pile –Vibro-Float Method

  • By wet method
  • By dry method
  • Top feeding
  • Bottom feeding

Sheet pile

  • Using driven pile method
  • Vibro-hammer method
  • Can be done uptohard strata only.
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Initial load Test

  • Test is done on a non-working pile to ascertain the design load.
  • Load test is done 2.5 times the design load
  • Increment is given at the rate of 20% of design load
  • The next increment is given when the rate of displacement is 0.2mm per hour or else after 2 hours
  • Increment is continued till 2.5 times is achieved or ultimate failure
  • Displacement of pile is measured using calibrated dial gauges
  • The result will be based on the lowest values of the following:
    • 2/3rdof the load at which the settlement is12 mm for pile diaupto600 mm or
    • 2% for pile diabetween 600 to 900 mm and 18 mm for pile diaabove 900
    • 50% of the load at which the pile settlement is 10% of the diaof the pile

Routine Load test

  • Vertical compression Test
  • Lateral test
  • Pull-out test

Vertical compression test static

Lateral test

pull out test

pile integrity test

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