Standard Road Details

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March 13, 2025

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Rigid & Flexible Road Details – Drawings & Requirements

Road construction is broadly classified into rigid pavement and flexible pavement based on the material used and load distribution characteristics. A rigid road consists of concrete pavement, while a flexible road is primarily made of bituminous (asphalt) layers. Both have unique structural designs, materials, and applications.

1. Difference Between Rigid & Flexible Roads

Feature	Rigid Road (Concrete Pavement)	Flexible Road (Bituminous Pavement)
Material	PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) or RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete)	Bitumen (Asphalt) with Aggregates
Load Distribution	Slab action (distributes load over a large area)	Layered system (load transferred gradually)
Design Life	30-50 years	10-20 years
Initial Cost	High	Low
Maintenance Cost	Low	High
Riding Comfort	Good, smooth	Slightly rough, depends on surface conditions
Weather Resistance	High	Susceptible to temperature variations
Repair Methods	Difficult (requires concrete breaking)	Easy (overlay with new bituminous layers)

2. Rigid Road (Concrete Pavement) – Structure & Layers

A rigid pavement consists of the following layers:

1️⃣ Subgrade – Compacted soil base (minimum 150 mm thick).
2️⃣ Subbase Course – Granular layer or dry lean concrete (DLC).
3️⃣ Base Course – PCC or RCC layer (150-300 mm thick).
4️⃣ Surface Course – Concrete slab with joints for expansion/contraction.
5️⃣ Joints & Reinforcements – Includes dowel bars & tie bars to control cracks.

Standard Drawing Details for Rigid Roads

📌 Expansion Joints & Contraction Joints – Placed at intervals to allow movement.
📌 Reinforcement Details – RCC slabs reinforced with steel mesh or rebars.
📌 Drainage System – Curbs and stormwater drains provided along the pavement.
📌 Pavement Thickness Design – Based on traffic load and subgrade strength (e.g., IRC 58:2015).

DOWNLOAD DESIGN CALCULATION OF RIGID ROAD

3. Flexible Road (Bituminous Pavement) – Structure & Layers

A flexible pavement consists of multiple layers designed to absorb stress gradually.

1️⃣ Subgrade – Well-compacted soil or embankment (minimum 300 mm thick).
2️⃣ Subbase Course – Crushed stone or granular layer (150-200 mm thick).
3️⃣ Base Course – Water-bound macadam (WBM) or bituminous macadam (BM).
4️⃣ Binder Course – Bituminous layer for stability and load transfer.
5️⃣ Wearing Course – Top surface layer (hot mix asphalt or dense bituminous macadam).

Standard Drawing Details for Flexible Roads

📌 Layer-by-Layer Cross-Section – Showing thickness of each road layer.
📌 Surface Drainage Details – Side drains and camber slope for water runoff.
📌 Pavement Markings & Signages – As per IRC 35 for road safety.
📌 Flexible Pavement Thickness Design – Based on traffic load & subgrade CBR value (e.g., IRC 37:2018).

DOWNLOAD DESIGN CALCULATION OF FLEXIBLE ROAD

4. Key Design & Construction Requirements

✔ Soil Testing for Subgrade Strength – California Bearing Ratio (CBR) method used.
✔ Traffic Load Estimation – Pavement thickness designed as per Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL).
✔ Drainage System Integration – Side drains and culverts for stormwater management.
✔ Surface Texture & Skid Resistance – Ensuring safe vehicle movement.
✔ Joint Design (for Rigid Pavements) – Expansion, contraction, and construction joints.
✔ Maintenance Considerations – Crack filling, pothole repairs, and resurfacing schedules.

5. Compliance with Standards & Codes

Standard	Description
IRC 58:2015	Design of Rigid Pavements
IRC 37:2018	Design of Flexible Pavements
IS 456:2000	General RCC Design for Rigid Roads
IS 73:2013	Bitumen Specifications for Flexible Pavements
MORTH Specifications	Indian Road Construction Guidelines

6. Download Free Road Construction Drawings & Guides

📥 Rigid Road (Concrete Pavement) Cross-Section Drawing (PDF & DWG)
📥 Flexible Road (Bituminous Pavement) Layer Details (PDF & DWG)
📥 Pavement Design Guide (IRC & IS Code-Based)
📥 Road Drainage & Camber Design Specifications

7. Conclusion

Both rigid and flexible roads play an important role in infrastructure development. A well-designed road ensures durability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Choosing between concrete (rigid) or bituminous (flexible) pavement depends on traffic load, climate conditions, and budget.

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